NB-IoT 是指 物聯網技術 窄帶. 窄帶物聯網, 全球通用的新技術, 主要針對物聯網市場 低電量 & 覆蓋率廣((低功耗廣域網). 當談到NB-IoT的引入時, 重要的是要透過通訊技術的不斷發展來審視通訊演進的歷史。 2G, 3G, 4G, 和5G, 再加上智慧型手機的廣泛普及和簡化的即時傳輸 (嗓音, 圖片, 高畫質影片) 人與人之間. 本文將為您深度完整講解NB技術!
1. 什麼是 NB-IoT 技術?
什麼是 NB-IoT 通信? NB-IoT與行動通訊的區別 (2/3/4/5G) 以及他們的特點
1. 覆蓋率廣. 與傳統不同 全球行動通訊系統, 一個基地台可支援10倍的區域覆蓋.
NB-IoT基地台覆蓋範圍可達10公里, 即使在一個小縣城. 同時, NB-IoT比LTE和GPRS基地台增益高20Db. 另外, NB-IoT還可以向地下車庫等地方發送訊號, 地下室, 地表下的管道, 等等。通常情況下, 無法撥打地下電話. 然而, 使用 NB-IoT，您仍然可以呼叫某人!
2. 大眾連結. 200KHz 頻率可提供 100,000 個連接
提供的連接越多, 建設的基地台越少. 建設的基地台越少, 節省的錢越多! 一位老師可以教書 200 一次學生，另一位老師可以教 20 學生. 所以, 如果他們都教 1,000 學生, 你只需要雇用 5 老師與 200 學生但是 50 老師與 20 學生.
3. 低功耗, AA電池的使用(不. 5 電池) 讓NB-IoT無需任何費用即可工作十年
十年不收費! 你不是在開玩笑吧, 你是? 我的手機每天都需要充電! NB-IoT引進eDRX省電技術及PSM省電模式，降低功耗，延長電池壽命. PSM模式下, 訊號不可達時，終端仍可連網, 使終端長時間進入休眠模式，以達到降低耗電量的目的. eDRX省電技術延長了終端在空閒模式下的休眠週期，減少了接收單元的不必要的啟動. 也, 它極大地增強了下行鏈路的可及性, 與PSM不同.
什麼是 eDRX
不連續接收 (不連續接收) 指的是非連續接收，而EDRX是擴展非連續接收.
EDRX /PSM 功耗範例
如圖所示, DRX是指不連續接收訊號並且大部分時間休息的方式. 例如, 連續接待是一名保安，需要整天堅守在工作崗位上，眼睛認真地盯著門口，看看有沒有什麼異常。. 間斷接待是指保全一小時只看門十分鐘，其餘時間喝茶休息.
省電模式 (PSM) 等於省電模式. 大多數物聯網終端大部分時間都是免費的. 他們只需要抄表然後發表. 在那之後, 他們剛剛休息了, 意味著裝置進入休眠狀態.
綜上所述, NB-IoT的省電功能就像保安一小時休息五十分鐘茶歇. 也就是說, 他一天只工作三小時，其餘時間休息.
4. 簡化的移動性. 與我們的手機相比, 汽車或高鐵上訊號不好的原因是汽車或火車速度太快，手機不斷切換基地台. 這就像一場接力賽. 接力棒接力良好代表呼叫正常，接力棒錯過則代表呼叫間歇甚至掉線。.
大多數場景下, 物聯網終端使用NB-Io是靜態的. 例如, 您可以進行智慧抄表，從而降低協定複雜性和模組成本.
5. 半雙工模式
這意味著我在說話，你必須聽，切勿打斷! 反之亦然.
2. NB-IoT 技術如何運作?
NB-IoT技術工作原理
NB-IoT代表窄頻物聯網技術. 窄帶物聯網, 全球通用的新技術, 主要針對低功耗物聯網市場 & 覆蓋率廣((低功耗廣域網).
NB-IoT 使用許可頻段. 應用於網路內存在的三個通道, 包括帶內, 受保護頻段和獨立載波.
NB-IoT是在FDD LTE技術基礎上改版的. 物理層設計大一部分採用LTE系統技術，如上行採用SC-FDMA，下行採用OFDM. 協議高層設計遵循LTE協議，具有小包特性, 低功耗和大連接增強. 部分核心網路透過S1介面連接，提供獨立與升級部署支持.
終端: 使用者裝置 (UE), 連接到基地台 (基地台 (演進型節點B, E-Utran基地台) 透過機場.
無線網路: 這包括 兩種類型的網路模型. 第一個是一體化無線網絡(單RAN), 其中包含2G/3G/4G和NB-IoT無線網絡, 另一個是New NB-IoT網絡, 主要承擔機場的准入處理, 細胞管理, 以及其他相關角色. 然後，它透過 S1-Lite 介面建立與 IoT 核心網路的連接, 將非存取層資料轉送到高層網元.
核心網: EPC – 演進的分組核心 (總承包) 負責與終端非存取層交互，將物聯網業務相關資料轉送至物聯網平台. 總結並不詳盡, 請參閱以下資訊.
平台: 主要是電信平台
應用程式伺服器: 以電信平台為例. 應用伺服器透過HTTP或HTTPS與平台進行通信，並透過呼叫平台的開放API來控制設備. 平台將設備資料傳送至伺服器. 平台分析設備數據，然後將這些數據轉換為標準 JSON 格式.
NB-IoT的三種工作狀況
預設狀態下, NB-IoT有三種工作狀態，三種狀態依不同的配置參數切換. 我認為這些狀態對NB-IoT的特性影響很大. 這就是為什麼它具有以下特點. 更重要的是, 今後使用NB-IoT以及設計相關程式時, 需根據開發需求和產品特色訂製三種工作狀態.
以下是三種工作狀態:
連接的
模組註冊並連接狀態完成後即可發送和獲取數據. 一段時間沒有數據互動後, 它將進入空閒模式一段可設定的時間.
閒置的
可以發送和接收數據，並在收集下行數據時進入Connected狀態. 一段時間無數據互動使其在可配置的時間內過渡到 PSM 模式.
PSM (省電模式)
在此模式下, 終端關閉訊號收發器，不監聽無線模式下的尋呼. 所以, 終端仍然連接到網絡, 但訊號無法覆蓋或到達, 導致下行資料無法訪問，導致功耗低.
時間尺度在核心網配置下 (T3412). 當有上行資料需要傳輸或TAU週期結束時, 進入已連線狀態.
NB-IoT的三種工作狀態的一般轉換過程可以總結如下:
(1) 當終端發送完資料後, 它處於連接狀態並啟動“不活動計時器”, 預設為 20 秒，也可以配置為 1 秒到 3600 秒;
② 當「不活動定時器」時間到期時, 終端變成空閒狀態, 然後主動定時器T3324開始工作. 超時時間配置範圍為2s至 186 分分鐘.
③ 當活動定時器時間到期時, 終端進入PSM狀態. 當TAU時間週期結束時, 進入已連線狀態. TAU 時間尺度[T3412] 配置為 54 分鐘至 310 小時.
[聚苯乙烯: TAU時間週期表示從Idle模式開始到PSM模式結束的時間]
NB-IoT終端機不同工作場景分析
1. 發送資料過程中, NB-LoT 處於活躍狀態. 然後根據「不活動計數器」的配置，超時後轉為空閒狀態.
2. 終端處於Idle狀態時引入eDRX機制. 一個完整的Idle行程包含多個eDRX週期, 可透過定時器配置，時間範圍為20.48s至 2.92 小時。也, 每個 eDRX 週期覆蓋一些 DRX 尋呼週期;
3. 尋呼機時間窗口 (PTW) 由一些 DRX 尋呼週期組成. 尋呼機時間視窗可以透過定時器設定, 範圍從 2.56 秒到 40.96 秒, 該值決定了視窗大小和尋呼次數。尋呼時間窗口(PTW), 可透過定時器設定, 由多個DRX尋呼週期組成. 時間配置範圍為20.48s至40.96s. 選擇的時間決定了時間窗口的規模和金額;
4. 活動定時器超過設定時間後, NB-IoT終端從空閒狀態變成PSM狀態, 終端不進行尋呼，不取得下行數據. 然後就進入睡眠狀態.
5. TAU定時器開始計算終端機進入空閒狀態的時間. 當定時器到期時, 終端將離開PSM狀態並操作TAU回到啟動狀態 (見圖①)
6. 終端工作在PSM狀態時，也可以透過主動發送上行資料回到啟動狀態.
3. NB-IoT VS LoRa 技術
對不起, 一種無線通訊技術, 擁抱主流技術, 包括 NB-IoT, eMTC, 西格福克斯, 和 LoRa 技術. NB-IoT由3GPP開發, 通訊業最權威的標準化組織, 並獲得國際電信聯盟批准, 國際標準. 法國Sigfox和美國Semtech. 分別擁有Sigfox和LoRa的核心技術.
NB-IoT和LoRa的發展現狀: LPWA技術主要針對文字為主的業務，適合低速率的物聯網應用場景, 低功耗, 覆蓋廣、連接大. 現在, 兩大科技陣營, NB-IoT和LoRa在中國已形成. 更多國家政策推出大力推廣NB-IoT，對LoRa持觀望態度. 現在, LPWA技術在中國的應用仍處於試驗與推廣階段. NB-IoT和LoRa主要關注智慧電錶, 智慧樓宇等應用場景, 大部分是相似的.
NB-IoT的競爭力 & 洛拉: 與LoRa相比，NB-IoT更適合資料量大、通訊頻繁的應用. 屬於營運商網絡, NB-IoT更適合地理分佈廣泛、具有移動屬性的去中心化應用場景, 而LoRa可以實現靈活部署，更能滿足終端更加集中的產業應用需求. 由於設計思路和實作方法不同, 無線通訊技術的特點各不相同. 所以, 網路部署時需根據具體應用場景選擇合適的通訊技術.
物聯網NB IoT和LoRa技術發展趨勢: 從應用場景需求來看, 預計國內NB-IoT和LoRa將趨於劃分 6:4 經過 2025. NB-IoT開發週期更短, 產品不穩定, 網路覆蓋範圍窄, 且覆蓋率低, 與洛拉相比. 預計還需要兩年時間進行技術進步和網路優化，才能充分發揮其優勢. 在這段時期, 市場需求鼓勵相對先進的LoRa向更多應用領域轉移.
4. NB-IoT 與 LTE-M 技術比較邏輯的
LTE-M(機器的長期發展) 和窄頻物聯網 (窄頻物聯網) 兩者都屬於低功耗廣域網 (低功耗廣域網) 以低於 LTE 和 5G NR 的速率傳輸數據. 然而, 具有以下特點, 低成本, 大容量, low power consumption and wide coverage, they are ideal for a wide range of IoT applications and are capable of connecting devices that are in need of small amounts of data, low bandwidth, and long battery life.
Delay in 磷erformance
The advantages of NB-IoT technology include low power consumption and high reliability for covering challenging areas. 與 LTE-M 相比, NB-IoT is not well suited for circumstances that require extra low network latency. NB-IoT latency is usually equivalent to or less than 10s (around 1.6 to 10s), while LTE-M usually has latency ranging from 100 到 150 毫秒.
Device 中號obility
Different from LTE-M, NB-IoT does not offer great support for mobility (LTE-M technology also has a voice-supported function). 這意味著 NB-iot 也可用於我們有時聽說但有時間限制的行動資產和設備. 案例涉及帶有追蹤器的即時 NB-IoT 應用, 自行車共享應用, 具有移動組件但吞吐量較低的環境應用程式, 智慧物流, ETC. 一般來說, 固定資產, 智慧電錶或銷售點終端等是 NB-IoT 的典型領域，但並非獨特領域. LTE-M可以實現“真正的無縫移動”.
活力 乙效率
NB-IoT比LTE-M更注重低能耗、低功耗. 理論上, NB-IoT 提供超過十年的電池壽命.
磷滲透
使用窄帶 (或更窄的頻寬或 200KHz 或 180KHz 的單一窄帶), 它允許增加傳輸功率密度. Together with other coverage enhancement functions, NB-IoT has deeper penetration (and enhanced overall coverage) 與 LTE-M 相比的能力. LTE-M也適合室內覆蓋，但NB-IoT功能較好. 有關覆蓋面積和滲透率或覆蓋範圍的技術信息: NB-IoT 的耦合損耗高達 164 分貝與 20 dB 更好的連結預算 GPRS.
雖然它們在很多方面都很相似, 有一些關鍵的區別.
LTE-M 可以以比 NB-IoT 更快的速率發送數據，並且延遲更低 (設備建立網路連線以及發送或收集資訊所花費的時間). 這些功能使LTE-M能夠提供語音通訊和數據通訊等服務以及需要更多即時通訊的LoT應用, 例如精確追蹤或電網監控. 更重要的是, LTE-M offers better performance than NB-IoT for mobile IoT applications despite the mobility upgrades found in Cat-NB2.
The faster speed of LTE-M also makes it more suited for data-intensive IoT applications. Also as a natural extension of 4G LTE, LTE-M gains from out-of-the-box roaming, IE. the capability to utilize the network operator’s SIM card on other operators’ networks in foreign countries.
然而, NB-IoT has more strengths compared to LTE-M. Although both of them offer better coverage than other technologies, many network operators have deployed NB-IoT networks with technology that provides the best coverage improvements while the technology in LTE-M networks offers only partial coverage improvements. The NB-IoT network covers more signals than LTE-M in warehouses, office buildings, and places under the ground where the loss of signal and several layer barriers brings about connection issues.
Because of these advantages, the NB-IoT becomes an excellent choice for IoT applications featuring simple, static, and extremely low data.
5. Why Choose NB-IoT 科技?
Now the leading technology standard for the Internet of Things is NB-IoT. Main carriers have invested a lot in the standard, China Telecom in particular, which has taken the lead in NB-IoT applications. Similar to eMTC, NB-IoT has been a global standard, while the other two are private ones.
The biggest distinction between the two technologies is the spectrum, which serves as the most precious asset of an IoT connectivity standard. In simple words, a spectrum is the same as a legal parking lot, which LoRa inherently lacks.
Huawei has been advocating NB-IoT for many years and introduced the concept in 2015 in conjunction with Qualcomm, Vodafone, and other internationally renowned companies. Apart from Huawei, there are still many carriers showing their interest in NB-IoT.
Unlike LoRa, 這 NB-IoT network is an operator-built network by an enterprise independently. If you want the terminal to use NB-IoT, the NB-IoT network should be firstly used. In that way, operators will definitely promote the application of NB-IoT in an active manner.
另外, the government provides strong assistance for the development of NB-IoT. China has launched more relevant policies to support NB-IoT. 例如, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology officially issued the Notice on Comprehensively Promoting the Construction and Development of the Mobile Internet of Things on June 16, 2017. 14 initiatives are clearly stated in the Notice, which includes the comprehensive promotion of the construction and development of NB-IoT, the establishment of 1.5 million NB-IoT base stations, and the development of more than 600 million NB-IoT connections by 2020.
With the support of the government, NB-IoT is bound to be popular in China under the active support of China operators and the strong advocate of Huawei.
Strengths of NB–物聯網
現在, the standards have been frozen, and in China, the standards have been commercially used on a large scale. NB-IoT contains four major traits, 即, heavy coverage, 低功耗, large connectivity, and low cost.
1. The impact on society
With lower power consumption, a more simplified protocol, and a suitable design, NB-IoT greatly improves the standby time of terminals. It is said that for some NB terminals, the standby time is able to last for ten years.
2. Signal Coverage
NB-IoT has relatively excellent coverage capability (20dBof gains) and doesn’t affect signal reception even if it is buried under a manhole.
3. The Number of Connections
Each unit can support 50,000 terminals.
4. Cost
NB-IoT is even a highlight with extremely low cost of communication modules. Each module is expected to be priced at $5 or less, which facilitates widespread purchase and use. It can be concluded from Moore’s Law that the cost can be lowered to below $1 when it takes no more than forty months.
然而, the impact of NB-IoT is not yet truly evident due to the current maturity of the industry. A few IoT products are only designed before the consideration of how to integrate NB-IoT, while revolutionary technology takes it into consideration when product design starts.
因此, NB-IoT still faces dark moments before gaining an edge. While many people know that it is promising, it will not bring instant huge profits to those participants in the industry. 總結, NB-IoT is a tech infrastructure that needs plenty of patience.
For most IoT practitioners, 物聯網, on the one hand, requires continuous attention, especially for the emergence of some key features; 另一方面, it is not necessary to have illusions about network IoT as networks serve both automation and customization. The network IoT will be utilized If there is a relevant need and the cost is suitable. Otherwise, it is a wise choice to wait for some time.
6. Advantages and disadvantages of NB-IoT 科技
The Internet of Things is penetrating our life at an extremely rapid pace. The safe and reliable transmission of data serves as the basis to achieve the interconnection among different things. In most cases, 3G, 4G, and GPRS skills are chosen to finish transmitting data, leading to high usage costs and influencing the popularity of IoT services. 所以, NB- IoT skills are born to satisfy the market demand. The NB-IoT(Narrowband cellular Internet of Things) skill adopts the principles of ultra-narrowband, repetitive transmission and streamlined network protocols, and acquires the carrying capacity for low power and Wide WAN at the expense of sacrificing certain speed rate, time delay and mobile instinct.
Advantages of NB-我哦時間
大眾訪問
With the same coverage conditions of base stations, NB-IoT technology is 50 到 100 times more accessible than other wireless technologies, and each sector can guarantee access to 100,000 terminals.
Low 磷ower Consumption
In terms of battery-powered devices, low power consumption can greatly enhance the battery life of devices from months to years, thus considerably decreasing the frequency of changing batteries.
High Coverage
NB-IoT tech has 100 times the coverage capability of LTE. This can not only satisfy the requirements of large-scale coverage in sparsely populated regions but also fit for applications underground where deep coverage is required.
Low Cost
Because of selecting cellular network skills on the authorized frequency band,s the NB-IoT does not need to rebuild the network, and RF and antennas are basically reusable. Coupled with NB-IoT’s low power consumption, low bandwidth, and low rate, it also lowers chip and module costs.
NB-IoT 的缺點
Fewer Data Transfer
Based on its low power consumption, NB-IoT can only transfer fewer data.
溝通成本高
Apart from the price of the NB-IoT communication module, the operator will also charge an operating fee.
科技不發達
Although NB-IoT technology is widely used, various kinds of failures often occur during practical applications, bringing about communication interruptions.
對接平台問題
The IoT platform of telecom adopts CoPA protocol, which is complicated in terms of docking and often leads to a long construction time for incompatibility with traditional TCP, UDP communication, ETC.
The above are the strengths and drawbacks of NB-IoT. NB-IoT is a newly-developed IoT technology that has appealed to many eyes due to its low power consumption, stable connectivity, low cost and good structure optimization. And as NB-IoT technology goes through more advanced development, it will emerge in more industries in the future.
7. 窄頻物聯網技術 Application Cases
Being one kind of IoTs technology, NB-IoT is considered to bring a great boost, even a transforming effect, to the growth of the whole IoTs industry.
This, in turn, will directly affect each of our lives – through a number of application cases shaped by NB-IoT tech.
Take smart home, smart manufacturing and smart city as examples:
智慧家庭
NB-LoT technology can be operated in smart homes, 穿戴式裝置, children and elderly care, pet tracking, and other consumer electronics products to give hands to enterprises developing better business models and boost innovation in this area.
NB-LoT tech supports massive amounts of sensors, including the transformation of both large and small data volumes for information, which enables the realization of the portability of computing-capable devices, substantially conducive to the growth of the amount of devices accessing the IoT.
智慧製造
NB-IoT technology is mixed with industrial Internet and smart manufacturing to promote integration and innovation and realize the monitoring and flexible and intelligent control of manufacturing process so that industrial production, agricultural production, transportation and other fields gain benefits from the development of IoT, which in turn facilitates the further progress of IoT.
智慧城市
Intelligent metering of water, 電力和天然氣, intelligent parking management, and information or intelligent environmental monitoring, from some areas, improve the city’s ability in public services and public management, and significantly reduce the cost of this process. To reduce costs, NB-IoT tech enhances the capability of cities to better the public service and management in all areas such as smart metering of water, 電力和天然氣, smart parking management, environmental monitoring informatization and intelligence.
NB-IoT and LTE technology increase the intelligence of urban lighting, transportation system, environmental monitoring and management. With its advantages in cost and transmission capacity, NB-LoT achieves the intelligence of information and environmental monitoring in certain public areas and promotes urban intelligence through the regular transmission of small data.
8. 窄頻物聯網解決方案
Parallel to the construction of the IoT platform, the number of companies specializing in the Internet of Things, especially NB-IoT solutions, increases rapidly. The enterprises out their eyes especially in sensing, meter reading, parking, logistics monitoring and other fields. It can be said that NB-IoT has become a pioneering tech in market exploration. 今天, the author will analyze the characteristics of several famous NB-IoT solution providers in the market.
解決方案 for 這 Internet of Vehicles
When it comes to the IoTs, one of the most essential parts that need attention is the Internet of Vehicles. Although some applications of the Internet of vehicles have high requirements over network connection speed, NB-IoT can still be used in the field of static transportation. In the NB-IoT smart parking scheme with the participation of Fanger Technology and China Unicom, the latest geomagnetic vehicle detection technology and wireless data transmission technology are applied, which not only reduces the production cost of equipment, but also does not require the laying of communication lines and power supply lines. 另外, it only requires less amount of installation, a short cycle of installation cycle, and high detection accuracy. In practical applications, in particular, equipped with the three-level induction screen, the intelligent parking project functions that the data collected will be released to the website, cell phone, display screen and other terminals in real-time, greatly solving the problems of facing difficulties like positioning parking location, inaccurate number, ETC. 現在, with more and more vehicles emerging, NB-IoT tech will become a big tool to tackle the issues concerning parking,
Solutions forSmart Meter
The development in the field of smart meters cannot be achieved without the collaboration between Huawei, a global leader in wireless and positioning modules and chips, and one of the main contributors to the development of the NB-IoT technology (4.5 科技) 標準. In June 2017 JANZ CE announced a new generation of smart computer technology to be piloted in Portugal. Compared to its predecessors, the latest generation of Smart Computer technology is upgraded to automatically detect damaged areas faster and reduce the time needed to restore service in the event of an accident; Also the technology improves the breadth, depth and accuracy of online detection data and optimizes the efficiency of power usage.
Smart Water Meter Solutions
As China’s first listed company with water meters as its main business, Sanchuan Wisdom is believed to be a leading company in the field of smart water meter solutions. Through smart water meter manufacturing, water big data and other services, the company improves itself to become a company that offers one-stop industry chain services on water investment and operation, water-based environmental monitoring and management, R&D and sales of smart water appliances and family healthy drinking water services. In particular, relying on its special hood structure, it can still last 6 years on a single battery in a humid environment, which not only allows remote control but also greatly improves immediacy and lower management costs.
Smart Street Lightning 解決方案
With the rise of smart cities, the concept of smart streetlights is gaining popularity in first- and second-tier cities. In Zhitron’s intelligent lighting management solution for streetlights, it integrates remote streetlight control, telemetry, remote control, 智慧預警, energy efficiency analysis, self-control, map display, asset management and other functions by combining NB-IoT features. 也, compared with traditional street lighting solutions, managers can also formulate strategies and develop optimal energy-efficiency control strategies based on real-time conditions because they have access to more information. With the expansion of the smart street light market and the upstream and downstream connection, smart street light in the future will integrate more sensors and undertakes more functions of network nodes.
Smart Positioning Solution
The biggest appeal of the “Internet of Everything” lies in the interconnection between objects and people. During the IoTs establishment processes, there are needs for positioning everywhere. The biggest positioning market is the tracking and positioning of people. From children’s watches and pet tracking to the real-time whereabouts of firefighters, couriers and people awaiting bail, location trackers are increasingly affecting our lives. While Release 14 led by Oviphone Communications integrates the solution of base station positioning, which requires the network and terminal side support. 第二, Release 14 of NB-IoT’s cell reselection better solves the fast roaming switching problem. The high bandwidth of NB-IoT’s Release 14 ensures faster real-time performance. When Ovodan launched the first NB-IoT-based smartwatch in 2015, it provided ODM or OEM services from product development to stable mass production and a flexible and complete solution of “terminal development + application server + mobile application terminal”, which is currently the global leader of NB-IoT in smart wear and It is the global leader in smart wear and tracker products.
Smart Logistics 解決方案
Based on Huawei’s Ocean Connect IoT platform, the smart logistics solution is able to acquire data on logistics vehicles, cargo, personnel, nodes, routes, ETC。, and quickly provide smart logistics-related services to assist logistics companies or personnel, cargo owners, consignees, government regulators and the public, solving the problems of five-in-one physical flow and information flow efficient management, including “vehicle, 人們, cargo, connection mode and route”.
所以, a large number of market solutions have emerged to provide connected cars, smart utilities, smart cities, smart streetlights and other market solutions that require scale and homogeneous terminals, allowing us to see the huge potential of NB-IoT as an IoT communication technology. We believe that as the technology develops, the current NB-IoT solutions of various fields and companies will further integrate the upstream and downstream industries to achieve further development.
9. The History of NB-IoT 科技
在 2013, Vodafone and Huawei mobile joined hands to conduct scientific research on a new communication standard, which they initially called “NB-M2M (LTE for Machine to Machine)”.
In May 2017, 3GPP’s GERAN Institute created a new scientific research project named FS_IoT_LC, which is a key scientific study of new wireless communication access network system software and “NB-M2M” became one of the new project’s research components. Later, Qualcomm submitted the technical specification of “NB-OFDM” (Narrow Band Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). (3GPP, “3rd GeneraTIon Partnership Project” standardization organization; TSG-GERAN (GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network): undertakes the establishment of technical standards for GSM/EDGE (development of technical standards for wireless network access networks).
In May 2016, the “NB-M2M” program and the “NB-OFDM” program were combined to become “NB-CIoT” (Narrow Band CellularIoT). The essential part of the combination of the scheme depends on the choice of the FDMA multiple access methods for communication and the OFDM multiple access methods for sliding.
In July 2016, Sony Ericsson, in collaboration with ZTE, Nokia and other enterprises, clearly put forward the technical specifications of “NB-LTE” (Narrow Band LTE).
In the 69th rural work conference of RAN# in September 2016, the executors of each plan combined the two technical specifications (” NB-IoT “and” NB-LTE “), and the 3GPP Project establishment was carried out for the unified specification after hot discussion and deliberation. The specification is a unified national standard called “NB-IoT (窄頻物聯網, based on the cellular Narrowband Internet of Things)”. 自那以後, “NB-M2M”, “NB-OFDM”, “NB-CIoT”, “NB-LTE ” all become history time.
In June 2017, the Key specification of the NB-IoT was set up as an Internet of Things Technology Specific Agreement in 3GPPL-13. In September, the SPECIFICATION of the NB-LoT features was carried out. In January 2017, part of the specification for NB-IoT conformance testing was formulated.
10. NB-IoT常見問題解答
哪些國家有NB-IoT以及NB-IoT的頻段如何劃分?
For any carriers around the globe, NB-IoT is deployed with the 900MHz band while the 800MHz band is used in parts of NB-IoT. The NB-IoT of China Unicom is equipped with 900MHz and 1800MHz bands, and currently, only 900MHz is able to be tested. To enhance the construction of NB-IoT, China Mobile acquires FOD photos and enables the re-cultivation of 900MHz & 1800MHz frequency bands. China Telecom’s NB- IoT is deployed in the 800 MHz band but with a frequency of 5 MHz only.
What is the timeline for Narrowband LoT deployment?
In the year of 2016, China Unicom conducted an NB-IoT outfield scale network trial on the basis of 900MHz and 1800MHz frequency bands in seven metropolises(Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Fuzhou, Changsha and Yinchuan) and introduced over 6 business application demonstrations, and full national commercial deployment of NB-IoT will begin in 2018.
China Mobile intends to launch the commercialization process of NB-IoT in the year 2017. China Telecom starts the plan of the deployment of the NB- IoT network in the first half of 2017. Huawei has joined hands with 6 carriers (China Unicom, 中國移動, Vodafone, Emirates Telecom, Telefonica, ETC。) to set up 6 NB-IoT opening labs worldwide to concentrate on NB-IoT business innovation, industry growth, interoperability testing and verification. ZTE teamed up with China Mobile to complete the technical verification evolution of NB-IoT protocol in the 5G Joint Innovation Center laboratory.
What modulation and demodulation technologies 用於 NB-物聯網?
Downlink using OFDMA, sub-carrier spacing 15kHz. Single-tone: 3.75 kHz/15 kHz, ULTI-tone: 15 千赫. Only half-duplex needs to be supported, with separate synchronization
The signal. The terminal supports the demonstration of single-tone and multi-tone capabilities. The layer processing of MAC/RLC/PDCP/RRC is carried out on the physical layer according to the current LTE process and protocol.
How many Connected and active users are included in NB-我oT base stations?
The NB-IoT has 50-100 times more uplink capacity over 2G, 3G和4G, and can offer 50-100 times more access than current wireless technologies at the same base station.
Regarding the simulation testing data, a base station cell can provide 50,000 NB-IoT terminal accesses.
NB-IoT的覆蓋範圍是多少?
NB-IoT increases 20Db of gains higher than LTE and GPRS base stations, expecting to have hard-to-reach areas coverage such as garages below the ground, 地下室, and underground pipes. Based on the simulation testing data, NB-IoT is able to get to 164dB in the independent deployment model, and the deployments with internal deployment and protection band haven’t been simulated.
What 是 the transmission rate of NB-IoT’s uplink and downlink?
The RF bandwidth of NB-IoT is 200KHz. Downlink rate: 160kbps- 50kbps. The uplink rate :160kbps-250kbps (multi-tone) or 160kbps-200kbps (Single tone).
Does NB-物聯網 support A re–傳染 mechanism?
NB-IoT utilizes a certain mechanism to improve coverage like re-transmission (up to 200 次) and low-cost modulation.
Does NB-物聯網 have A voice-supported function?
With no coverage improvement, the voice application underpinned by NB-IoT is Push to Talk. In the case of improving 20dB coverage, smart support is similar to Voice Mail. NB-IoT doesn’t support VoLTE, which has extremely high latency requirements. The high-layer protocol stack needs QoS guarantees, which definitely raises the cost.
What is the range of device movement rates and network delay duration for NB-物聯網?
NB-IoT is used in application scenarios where mobility is not strongly supported (例如, intelligent super meters, intelligent parking and so on). It can simplify the complexity of terminals and decrease the power consumption of terminals. NB-IoT doesn’t provide support for mobility management when in the connected state, including relevant measures, measurement reports, shifts, ETC.
NB-IoT is able to support a delay of around ten seconds.
