Ngaran lengkep NFC nujul kana téhnologi Near Field Communication. Dumasar kana contactless Téknologi Idéntifikasi Frékuénsi Radio(RFID), Téknologi Near Field Communication nawiskeun cara komunikasi anu aman sareng gancang pikeun rupa-rupa barang éléktronik anu beuki populer dina kahirupan sapopoe..
1. Naon Téhnologi NFC?
The "deukeut widang" dina ngaran Cina tina téhnologi Radio Frequency Identification nangtung pikeun gelombang radio nu deukeut jeung médan éléktromagnétik.. Kanyataanna, gelombang radio sarua jeung gelombang éléktromagnétik jadi abides ku persamaan Maxwell. Éta hartina salila prosés transformasi tina anteneu pamancar ka anteneu narima, médan listrik jeung médan magnét bakal salawasna alternatip pikeun ngalaksanakeun bursa énergi. Jeung maranéhna bakal strengthened dina prosés bursa. Contona, Sinyal radio anu dianggo dina telepon sélulér urang disebarkeun sareng disebarkeun nganggo prinsip kerja ieu, sarta metoda ieu dingaranan Jauh-Lapang Komunikasi. Sareng dina sapuluh panjang gelombang gelombang éléktromagnétik, éléktrik ogé médan magnét dipisahkeun ti unggal lianna. Lajeng médan listrik dina waktu ieu teu boga loba significance. Sanajan kitu, médan magnét bisa dimangpaatkeun pikeun komunikasi jarak pondok, sarta kami nelepon deui Near Field Communications.
Digabungkeun jeung duananakomunikasi deukeut-sawah téhnologi jeung téhnologi komunikasi mobile, jasa komunikasi Near Field bisa minuhan rupa-rupa kalungguhan kaasup pembayaran éléktronik, auténtikasi identitas, Bagian Tikét, konvérsi data, anti-pemalsuan ogé iklan. Ku kituna, éta mecenghul jenis peran dina industri komunikasi mobile. Ladenan Near Field Communication ningkatkeun kalungguhan telepon sélulér, nu ngarobah kabiasaan pamayaran pamaké pikeun jadi beuki dipindahkeun kana prosés éléktronifikasi, sahingga nyetel jenis anyar mode bisnis konsumsi konsumen.
2. Kumaha NFC(Deukeut Bidang Komunikasi) Gawe?
Téknologi Komunikasi Near Field sanggup nyetél étajaringan nirkabel sacara gancang sareng otomatis, nawiskeun "sambungan virtual" kanggo sélular, Alat Bluetooth atanapi WIFI pikeun ngawujudkeun komunikasi diantara aranjeunna dina jarak anu pondok, kitu ogé sahingga cocog pikeun komunikasi diantara alat nu bagerak, éléktronika konsumén, komputer pribadi jeung komponén dikawasa pinter.
Komunikasi téknologi Komunikasi Near Field lumangsung antara alat initiating jeung alat target, sareng naon waé alat NFC tiasa janten alat ngamimitian atanapi alat target. Dua alat ieu gandeng ku hiji médan magnét arus bolak-balik sarta hiji alat ngirimkeun sinyal digital dina cara modulasi pamawa dina mode ASK atawa mode FSK.. Alat anu digagas nyiptakeun médan magnét frekuensi radio pikeun diluncurkeun (skéma modulasi, encoding, speed transmisi na pigura format panganteur Radio Frékuénsi) Samentawis alat target ngabales paréntah anu diprakarsai ku alat anu digagas sareng pilih médan magnét frekuensi radio anu diprakarsai ku alat anu digagas atanapi didamel ku nyalira pikeun ngahontal komunikasi..
3. Kasus aplikasi téknologi NFC
Aplikasi tina model kartu
Jinis modél tiasa dianggo pikeun pamayaran sélulér tanpa kontak kalebet mall balanja, sarana angkutan jeung aplikasi sejenna. Pangguna ngan saukur nempatkeun telepon caket sareng pamiarsa kartu teras pangguna ngan saukur ngalebetkeun kecap konci pikeun mastikeun transaksi atanapi ngumpulkeun langsung.. Conto ngalibatkeun kontrol aksés, tiket beus, tikét, jsb. Kartu didorong ku pamaca kartu sareng tiasa dianggo leres upami alat anu mawa kartu dijalankeun dina kakuatan..
Aplikasi panyalindungan kaamanan
Aplikasi téknologi Near Field Communication dina panyalindungan kaamanan utamana ngarobah telepon sélulér pikeun ngakses kartu, tiket éléktronik jeung saterusna.
Kartu aksés virtual anu dilengkepan ku téknologi Near Field Communication ngarujuk kana tulisan data kartu aksés anu aya kana téknologi Near Field Communication telepon.. Ku kituna, ku ngan ngagunakeun telepon sélulér, Anjeun tiasa ngawujudkeun jasa kontrol aksés tanpa kartu pinter ku kituna teu ukur bisa ngahontal genah tina konfigurasi, ngawaskeun sareng modifikasi kontrol anu tiasa diaksés tapi ogé ngahontal modifikasi jauh sareng konfigurasi kalebet distribusi samentawis kartu kredensial nalika diperyogikeun.. Tikét éléktronik virtual anu dilengkepan téknologi Komunikasi Near Field utamana diterapkeun dina cara anu saatos pangguna mésér tikét., sistem tikét bakal mindahkeun inpormasi tikét ka telepon sélulérna. Telepon sélulér anu dilengkepan fungsi NFC tiasa ngarobih inpormasi tikét virtual janten tikét éléktronik. Nalika mariksa tikét, Anjeun tiasa langsung gesek telepon pikeun genah.
Aplikasi téknologi Near Field Communication dina transportasi
Transportasi bisa disebutkeun fungsi paling dasar tina aplikasi téhnologi Near Field Communication. Ku cara noel sungut gerbang wewengkon bacaan kartu jeung alat NFC, anjeun tiasa otomatis muka gerbang, nu fungsi tina kartu lalulintas kota terpadu kana alat NFC on luhureun simulasi kartu pikeun ngahontal fungsi. Dina kasus nu sabenerna, sanajan kartu transportasi Shenzhen dina sél domestik dilengkepan téhnologi 2.4G, ngajadikeun bédana badag tina téhnologi NFC dina hal palaksanaan teknis na tapi cara utilization sarua. Téknologi Near Field Communication malah tiasa maénkeun peran anu penting dina lingkungan pamayaran mikro subway sareng beus.
4. The Ssolusi pikeun téknologi Komunikasi Near Field
NFC ngarujuk kana standar anu diciptakeun babarengan ku Nokia, Philips, jeung Sony, sarta geus standarisasi dina ISO 18092, ECMA 340, jeung ETSI TS 102 190. Naon deui, Éta cocog sareng ISO anu diterapkeun sacara universal 14443 Tipe-A, B, sarta Felica baku non-kontak infrastruktur kartu calakan. Standar komunikasi jarak deukeut nangtukeun skéma modulasi, coding, speed pangiriman jeung format pigura tina interfaces Radio Frékuénsi pikeun alat-alat Komunikasi Near Field, kitu ogé skéma inisialisasi sareng kaayaan anu dipikabutuh pikeun kontrol konflik data dina inisialisasi modél Komunikasi Near Field aktif sareng pasif.. Naon deui, eta ngahartikeun protokol mindahkeun ngawengku inisiasi protokol jeung sarana konversi data.
Three modes of operation are supported for Near Field Communication Services.
Card Simulation Model
- The mobile station can be simulated as a normal non-contactless card such as mobile payment, mobile ticketing, identity recognition and so on.
- Application examples: Non-contactless mobile stations are able to be simulated as bank cards, access cards, tiket éléktronik jeung saterusna. Then the non-contactless mobile stations interact with any other terminals.
Reader Model
- The mobile station is able to read the contents on a contactless card or a non-contactless tag such as virtual bookmarks, advertisements and so on.
- Application cases: the electronic posters, in which a contactless mobile station interacts with a contactless module embedded in the poster, and the mobile station actively reads the corresponding data inside the card or tag.
Peer-to-peer communication mode
The two mobile stations are able to transfer data directly to each other within close proximity, such as synchronizing schedules, and games, as well as sharing transmitted contents, jsb.
Application cases: Two contactless mobile stations can transfer or synchronize data with each other, such as pictures, music, ring tones, jsb.
The strengths and drawbacks of the Near Field Communication technology
Kaunggulan sareng kalemahan téknologi Komunikasi Near Field
- Kakuatan: Compared with the traditional proximity communication payment, the Near Field Communication technology payment has the benefits of high security, fast connection setup, jsb. You can use the payment within a distance of less than 10 cm, which can avoid mutual interference between devices. Naon deui, its connection setup time is less than 0.1 detik, which greatly ensures the security of user payments. oge, it is less costly.
- Drawback: the popularity of NFC requires the support of a large number of hardware devices, and the deployment of a large number of hardware devices by cell phone manufacturers and financial institutions is predicated on a large enough market. Salaku tambahan, this payment method also faces issues. Salaku conto, whose standard will be used, what to do if the user’s phone is lost, and how to set the payment amount.
Ayeuna, the more popular two-dimensional code technology is also in a wide application and in a low cost. As long as you have a smartphone, you can read the relevant information from the two-dimensional code. Sanajan kitu, the disadvantage is that it can only read the information in one direction with a slow reading speed. Salaku tambahan, merlukeun scanning akurat ti scanner teh, sareng peryogi lokasi pamaca anu luhur supados pangaruh scanning moal saé upami mesin disimpen dina tempat anu rame. Salaku conto, Butuh waktu lila pikeun nyeken kode QR. Sabalikna, kalawan fitur speed maca gancang, jeung sarat low pikeun lokasi bacaan, téhnologi Komunikasi Near Field ogé cocog pikeun tempat kalawan loba lalulintas. oge, teu ngan bisa maca tapi ogé ngawujudkeun interaksi informasi dua arah.
Kaamanan téknologi NFC
Téknologi nirkabel jarak deukeut tina Near Field Communication gaduh fitur gancang, gampang dianggo sareng aman, anu kaamanan mangrupikeun fitur anu paling penting dina industri pamayaran.
Perlu dipikanyaho yén inpormasi akun kartu bank belang magnét tradisional disimpen dina jalur magnét. Nalika kartu bank dipaké pikeun ngahontal transaksi, mesin POS bakal tiasa transact jumlah, inpormasi akun kartu bank sareng kecap akses akun anu diasupkeun ku pangguna. Teras sadaya inpormasi anu ditransaksikeun bakal dikirimkeun ka server bank pikeun ngahontal verifikasi. Nalika verifikasi lulus, bank back-end ngalengkepan deduksi, sarta tungtungna mulih hasil urus.
Alatan gampang dibaca sareng sifat statik tina belang magnét, gampang disalin langsung, nu ngabalukarkeun nyieun dua kartu kalawan informasi akun idéntik, ku kituna kartu pamaké ieu swiped ku batur sanajan tanpa kartu ninggalkeun samping nya.
Nalika nganggo téknologi NFC, Chip Komunikasi Near Field ngamungkinkeun auténtikasi dua arah dinamis sareng POS. The data for each transaction is dynamically generated and the account information is stored through encryption and cannot be read directly. This solves several problems.
- The information in the Near Field Communication is not stored statically and cannot be copied by a cracker by reading it directly.
- Obtaining account information requires two-way authentication with the POS. Illegal devices don’t have these authentication keys, thus unable to obtain account information.
- Each transaction is created by a random number generator within the Near Field Communication chip to generate a temporary key. The communication data is valid for that time so even if Near Field Communication interaction data can be captured, it is unable to copy the transaction. Ogé teu mungkin mun saukur tamper kalawan jumlah forge urus a
Salaku hasilna, Kaamanan Komunikasi Near Field henteu aya dina halimunan data transaksi tapi kanyataan yén NFC mawa énergi kana kartu pinter., ngamungkinkeun sakabéh prosés transaksi dihasilkeun dinamis ogé sahingga teu mungkin pikeun nyalin kartu bank ku saukur maca eta, sahingga pamustunganana achieving kaamanan.
Di dieu nyandak conto prosés auténtikasi Mifare pikeun masihan katerangan salajengna:
- Kartu Mifare B ngirimkeun angka Rb acak;
- Pamaca A ngahasilkeun angka acak Ra na encrypts Rb babarengan jeung mulih Token AB kana kartu;
- Saatos kartu narima TokenAB, decode it and verify that the random number Rb in the ToakeAB is the same as that in step 1. Authentication fails if it is not the same.
- TokenBA; Card B encrypts the Ra just sent and transfers to the reader a value TokenBA.
- After reader A receives it, it decodes and verifies if the random number in TokenBA is the same as the one in Ra in step 2. If it is the same, the two-way authentication is successful.
When the card and the reader have an identical key, they can pass the authentication based on the above five stages. The key is not transmitted in clear texts during the authentication process so the security is greatly boosted.
The information mentioned above explains the security of the Near Field Communication card only from the perspective of the card copy. Sandi pangguna ngan ukur diperyogikeun pikeun mastikeun kaamanan transaksi salami prosés pamayaran.
7. NFC VS Bluetooth
NFC, kalayan nami lengkep Inggris tina Near Field Communication, umumna katelah téknologi komunikasi lapangan caket. Sakumaha dipikawanoh ku ngaran, éta produk komunikasi jarak deukeut jeung téknologi nirkabel nu diprakarsai ku Philips tur dikembangkeun babarengan ku Nokia, Sony jeung loba pausahaan séjén ogé pabrik.
Bluetooth nyaéta standar pikeun téknologi komunikasi data nirkabel jarak jauh. Éta sanggup data nirkabel sareng multi-titik tunggal sareng pangiriman sora dina jarak radius 10 méter sareng bandwidth pangiriman data dugi ka 1Mbps.. Média komunikasi ngarujuk kana gelombang éléktromagnétik kalayan frékuénsi antara 2.402GHz sareng 2.480GHz..
8. NFC VS RFID
Beda antara Idéntifikasi Frékuénsi Radio sareng Komunikasi Lapangan Deukeut:
- Frékuénsi operasi: Idéntifikasi Frékuénsi Radio ngagaduhan tilu frékuénsi operasi, nu frékuénsi low, frékuénsi luhur (13.56MHz), sarta Frékuénsi Ultra High. The Near Field Communication ngan boga hiji frékuénsi operasi, nu nujul kana 13.56MHZ.
- Jarak operasi: Duanana nyaéta téknologi komunikasi nirkabel jarak pondok tapi Idéntifikasi Frekuensi Radio kalebet tilu frekuensi operasi, jeung jarak gawé sababaraha séntiméter ka puluhan méter. Sacara téoritis, jarak gawe Near Field Communication nyaeta mimitian ti 0 ka 20 cm. Sanajan kitu, paling item Near Field Communication ngagunakeun téknologi suprési kakuatan husus, nu ngakibatkeun jarak operasi maranéhanana ngan mimitian ti 0 ka 10 cm.
- Modél Operasi: Pamaca sareng kartu non-kontak dina Idéntifikasi Frékuénsi Radio henteu gumantung unggal anu sanés sahingga henteu tiasa gentos modél. Dina waktos anu sasarengan, Near Field Communication tiasa ngadukung modél maca sareng nyerat sareng mode kartu tapi ogé ngagentos modél operasi.
- Komunikasi Peer-to-Peer: Idéntifikasi Frékuénsi Radio henteu tiasa ngadukung komunikasi peer-to-peer. Sanajan kitu, éta tiasa nyetél komunikasi peer-to-peer antara alat Bluetooth anu béda sacara gancang. oge, téhnologi Near Field Communication bisa ngahontal komunikasi peer-to-peer.
- Protokol standar: Protokol komunikasi dasar tina Near Field Communication tiasa sapinuhna cocog sareng protokol Idéntifikasi Frekuensi Radio. Ku kituna, Téknologi Komunikasi Near Field ogé tiasa diterapkeun dina widang aplikasi Idéntifikasi Frekuensi Radio Frekuensi Tinggi.
- Widang aplikasi: Kusabab kasaluyuan téknologi Komunikasi Near Field sareng Idéntifikasi Frékuénsi Radio Frékuénsi Luhur, Téknologi Komunikasi Near Field tiasa dianggo sacara lega. Kalayan seueur standar sareng pajeulitna, Idéntifikasi Frékuénsi Radio tiasa ngagunakeun standar téknis anu cocog dina widang khusus atanapi industri anu ngagaduhan syarat khusus.
9. NFC VS WiFabdi
NFC nangtung pikeun Near Field Communication, atanapi Near Field Communication téhnologi. Diciptakeun babarengan ku Philips sareng Sony, NFC mangrupikeun téknologi anu diidentifikasi sareng dihubungkeun tanpa kontak anu ngamungkinkeun Komunikasi Lapangan Deukeut dihontal antara dua alat sélulér, éléktronika pamaké, Komputer pribadi sareng alat kontrol calakan. The Near Field Communication technology offers a simple as well as a touch-based plan that enables users to converse information and access content as well as different services in a simple and intuitive way.
Wifi refers to a technology that enables the terminal including personal computers and handheld equipment(misalna., PDAs, telepon sélulér), to be connected to each other in the wireless method. Wi-Fi stands for a brand name for wireless networking communication technologies, which is owned by the WiFi Alliance. The purpose is to enhance interconnectivity between wireless network items according to the IEEE 802.11 standar. Ayeuna, people generally mix Wi-Fi with the IEEE 802.11 and even think that Wi-Fi is equivalent to the wireless Internet.
10. The History of the development of the Near Field Communication technology
Philips Semiconductor and Sony were planning to develop a wireless communication technology that is compatible with contactless card technology in 2003. Philips dispatched a team of members to Japan to cooperate with the engineers from Sony for 3 months, and then jointly launched a wireless communication technology that was compatible with the existing ISO14443 non-contact card agreement, which is called NFC (Deukeut Bidang Komunikasi).
The specification defines a wireless communication method between two Near Field Communication devices based on the 13.56 MHz frequency. When talking about Near Field Communication, there are no readers, no cards but only the Near Field Communication devices. The specification defines two models of communication between Near Field Communication devices: the active mode and the passive mode. Naon deui, it defines the choice of the two models and Radio Frequency field anti-collision methods, equipment anti-collision methods, as well as defines the different baud rate communication rate of the coding methods, modulation and demodulation method and other most underlying communication methods and protocols. Pikeun nempatkeun eta basajan, the technology functions as solving the issue of how to exchange data streams.
The specification was eventually submitted to the ISO standards organization and the organization approved it as an official international standard, which is called ISO18092. And later it was put to be compatible with the ISO15693 to develop a new Near Field Communication global standard IP2 that refers to ISO 21481. Samentara éta, the ECMA (European Computer Manufacturers Association) also promulgated standards for Near Field Communication, which include ECMA340 and ECMA352. And the corresponding standards refer to ISO18092[2] and ISO21481. Kanyataanna, the contents of the 2 standards are very much the same but ECMA is not charged for use, and can also be downloaded from the Internet. Sanajan kitu, the ISO standard needs to be charged. Kabeneran, to promote standardization, both ISO/IEC 18092:2013 as well as ISO/IEC 21481:2012 versions are available for non-charge electronic downloads on the official International Standard Organization website.
In order to accelerate the growth of the Near Field Communication industry, Philips, Sony and Nokia jointly initiated the setup of the Near Field Communication Forum, which aimed to promote the growth of the industrial application and give definition to the related medium layer specification for Near Field Communication -based application such as several data conversion communication protocols NDEF as well as several Near Field Communication tag specifications based on the non-contact tag. The latter is primarily involved with the meaning of the internal data structures of the card and how to recognize a standard Near Field Communication Forum-compatible tag, how to diversify specific applied data and other related specifications. The purpose is to enable the interconnection between different NFC devices. Contona, how can distinctive cell phones change data, how to recognize identical electronic posters, jsb.
