Hier vindt u een uitgebreide introductie over welke branche 4.0 is, de ontwikkelingsgeschiedenis van de industrie 4.0, de veranderingen die dit zal brengen in onze maakindustrie, de voordelen van werk 4.0, de uitdagingen die het zal tegenkomen, en de beste industrie ter wereld 4.0 bedrijven. Eindelijk, Ik zal enkele veelgestelde vragen beantwoorden. Via dit artikel krijgt u een vollediger inzicht.
Wat doet de industrie 4.0 verwijzen naar?
De zogenaamde industrie 4.0 is een verdeling van de verschillende stadia van industriële ontwikkeling. Industrie 1.0 is het tijdperk van de stoommachine, industrie 2.0 is het tijdperk van elektrificatie, industrie 3.0 is het tijdperk van de informatietechnologie, en industrie 4.0 is de leeftijd van gebruik informatie Technologie om industriële veranderingen te bevorderen, dat is, het tijdperk van de intelligentie.
In 2013, dit concept verscheen voor het eerst in Duitsland en werd officieel gelanceerd op de Hannover Messe. Het kerndoel is het bevorderen van het concurrentievermogen van de Duitse industrie en het nemen van de leiding in de nieuwe ronde van de industriële revolutie.
Vervolgens, het werd door de Duitse regering opgenomen als een van de tien toekomstige projecten die in het Duits werden voorgesteld 2020 Hoogwaardige technologiestrategie. Het project heeft tot doel het intelligentieniveau van de maakindustrie te verbeteren en slimme fabrieken op te zetten met efficiënt gebruik van hulpbronnen, aanpassingsvermogen, en genetische manipulatie. Het internet der dingen en het netwerkentiteitssysteem vormen de technische basis ervan.
De geschiedenis van de industrie 4.0
Geschiedenis lijn
Het concept van de industrie 4.0 kom in Duitsland binnen 2011. De "Industrie 4.0”-werkgroep is gevormd door deskundigen uit het midden- en kleinbedrijf, relevante Duitse brancheverenigingen, de overheid, onderzoeksinstellingen, en universiteiten, en heeft sindsdien verder onderzoek gedaan naar relevante industrialisatie in Duitsland en de rest van de wereld. De werkgroep heeft in april haar eindrapport “Securing the Future of German Manufacturing” ingediend 2013: Aanbevelingen voor de implementatie van de “Industrie”. 4.0 “strategie aan de Duitse federale regering. Bovendien, industrie 4.0 is opgenomen in de tien toekomstige projecten in de “High Technology Strategy 2020” die vervolgens door de Duitse federale overheid werd gelanceerd, waardoor industrie ontstaat 4.0 belangrijk in de nationale strategie.
Het basisidee
Industrie 4.0 is de eerste grote poging van Duitsland om zijn innovatieve ideeën op het gebied van hoogwaardige technologie aan de wereld te introduceren. Verwacht wordt dat ‘Industrie 4.0’ de productiewaarde van Duitsland in de chemische sector zal verhogen, industriële fabricage, landbouw, auto, en IT door 78.7 miljard euro, and increase Germany’s overall output value by 267 billion euros by 2025. By around 2030, German productivity is expected to rise by a further 30 naar 300 procent.
The idea is to link virtual and physical spaces in so-called “network-physical production systems” to take advantage of digital advances to build the next generation of factories. Germany thinks highly of ensuring the quality of personalized products so as to pursue the combination of personalized products and high added value on the basis of more efficient production.
Strategische bedoeling
Germany desperately needs to automate production through intelligent technology on the one hand. It is a must to shift to productive services like warehousing and transportation, market analysis and marketing, energy storage, and product testing, to maintain high-quality production.
Duitsland hoopt dat nieuwe technologie traditionele industrieën in staat kan stellen te concurreren om de dominantie van een nieuw mondiaal ‘internettijdperk’. Door de beperkingen van de eigen economische omvang van Duitsland is het land in het internettijdperk aanzienlijk achterop geraakt bij China en de VS. E-commerce, HET, sociale netwerken, zoekmachines, en een hele reeks innovaties op het gebied van bedrijfsmodellen, gebaseerd op internet, werden voor het eerst bedacht in de Verenigde Staten. Duitsland kan zijn technologische voordelen in de maakindustrie alleen ten volle benutten en zich concentreren op de ontwikkeling van het industriële internet en het Internet of Things voor huishoudens. Sinds de 2008 financiële crisis, de marktvraag in de ontwikkelde landen was zwak. Aan de aanbodzijde, China en andere opkomende economieën, afhankelijk van de enorme binnenlandse markt, zijn voortdurend bezig met het upgraden en herhalen van nieuwe technologieën van producten.
Voordelen/voordelen van de industrie 4.0
De kenmerken van de industrie 4.0 zijn heel duidelijk, namelijk, de transformatie van de maakindustrie naar intelligentie door de combinatie van informatiecommunicatietechnologie en virtuele cybersystemen. Onder deze wijziging, het thema ‘intelligente productie’, “intelligente productie” en “intelligente logistiek” in de industrie 4.0 zal bedrijven in hoge mate automatiseren, zeer informatief, en sterk genetwerkt, Dit zal ongetwijfeld de aandacht van bedrijven voor apparatuur aanzienlijk vergroten, maar ook nieuwe eisen stellen aan het apparatuurbeheer in de industrie 4.0 omgeving.
Industrie 4.0 brengt drievoudig gemak
Industrie 4.0 zal een enorme impact hebben op het materieelbeheer. Nadat de verticale integratie en end-to-end integratie van de fabriek via internet zijn voltooid, the equipment of the whole factory or even several factories will form an interconnected network, and the system will automatically pull all personnel to carry out equipment maintenance. Managers can carry out production planning and configuration according to the real-time status of all the equipment, the maintenance experience and fault information of the equipment can be more fully shared and communicated, and the spare parts of the equipment can be better coordinated managed and used, which will greatly improve the use efficiency and fast response speed of the equipment. Specifiek, mainly reflected in the following threefold “convenience”.
For the technology and network-oriented industry 4.0 industry transformation, the first possible break is the current organizational structure of equipment management.
It also does a lousy job of motivating people on the ground. Echter, in many enterprises that implement lean production, total productive maintenance (TPM) based methods of equipment management system partially made up for the shortcomings of the linear unity form, it in a straight line outside increased a lot of matrix organizational structure system of unity from the activities of the group to solve the problem, members from different departments in team activities on a regular basis and communication, increased the transmission of information, Greatly improved information sharing between levels. Echter, op deze manier, managers and grassroots staff are still in a results-oriented and bottom-up reporting process, while the activity group is relatively passive in the process of getting information from senior managers.
De kwestie van het delen van informatie komt van nature voor in de industrie 4.0 ondernemingen, waar het verzamelen en analyseren van informatie rechtstreeks vanaf werkterminals kan worden verkregen (apparaten) via het internet der dingen. Zolang de relevante toestemming geopend is, alle informatie kan worden verkregen via de zoekterminal in de database. In een uniform systeem, alle gegevens hoeven niet herhaaldelijk te worden verzameld, zojuist gebeld en continu berekend. Bijvoorbeeld, op de productielocatie, de gegevens over de uitgebreide efficiëntie van apparatuur (OEE) is oorspronkelijk nodig om de daadwerkelijke stilstand van het geplande productieproces van de apparatuur op te vangen, het productietempo van elk onderdeel, het aantal geproduceerde onderdelen, en het aantal gekwalificeerde producten in een bepaalde periode. Over het algemeen, deze gegevens kunnen afkomstig zijn uit verschillende systemen van verschillende functionele afdelingen, maar in het tijdperk van 4.0, which is highly informationized and networked, all information can be obtained in real-time from equipment (matter equals information in an intelligent factory), and the feedback results can be calculated in real-time.
Due to the convenience of information and networking, a lot of processes and work will be realized by computers. With the high degree of automation, the original labor-intensive production form in the factory has gradually changed to the capital and technology-intensive form, and this change has become more and more obvious in the more developed coastal areas of China, while gradually spreading to the central and western regions. With the help of efficient information processing and intelligent decision-making, the scope of management for all will be greatly increased. This change will make the management structure become flattered while the information of the organization becomes more fully shared.
Het materieelbeheerproces is ingrijpend veranderd en de uitvoering is meer gestandaardiseerd
With the improvement of factory information and network, as well as the automation degree of equipment, the process of the equipment management system will change greatly. Many of the points of work that were previously performed by humans in the process will be replaced by equipment, and the scenario where bankers were replaced by computers and ATMs a few years ago will also occur more frequently in factories.
Industrie 4.0 is beneficial to the establishment of equipment management systems. Sufficient and effective data can provide the basis for decision-makers at the early stage of system formulation, and an effective analysis system will greatly improve the efficiency and effect of system formulation. Bijvoorbeeld, to improve the comprehensive efficiency of equipment, the system can help decision-makers automatically collect relevant data according to the set parameters, and find the key factors affecting the comprehensive efficiency of the data, so as to study and solve problems more efficiently and pertinently.
This change is positive for the implementation of the equipment management system, and the original implementation process with more human factors will become more standard and strict. The system only needs to set procedures in accordance with the system and process, and when the conditions are met, they will be strictly implemented, which also makes the procedures clear. Bijvoorbeeld, equipment failure reporting systems, and process documentation requires different levels of response after different downtime periods. Under the condition of insufficient informationization, the untimely transmission of information and artificial cover-up cause buck-passing and untimely response.
Echter, in the factories of Industry 4.0, the system will automatically send information to different managers at different points in time: once the equipment fails, the system will immediately notify the team leader; if the equipment fails to recover within 15 minuten, the system will automatically alert the maintenance personnel to repair it; if the equipment fails to repair after 1 uur, the system will upgrade to the workshop director. Throughout the whole process, de apparatuur zal automatisch begeleiding en alarm geven in strikte overeenstemming met het ingestelde onderhoudsplan om relevante uitvoerders eraan te herinneren de taak te voltooien. In het implementatietraject onder leiding van het systeem, Er zullen geen excuses worden gegeven aan uitvoerders, en al het personeel zal in een strikt gestandaardiseerde werkstaat worden gebracht.
Materiaal is data, onderhoud van apparatuur is handiger
Industrie 4.0 benadrukt dat materiaal data is. Technisch gezien, ongeacht of het om een complete set apparatuur gaat of om een onderdeel van de apparatuur, het kan theoretisch relevante informatie aan het systeem leveren. De vooraf verzamelde gegevens kunnen worden gebruikt om te waarschuwen voor mogelijke storingen, in plaats van te maken te krijgen met bijna-mislukkingen of ontwrichtende verschijnselen. Bijvoorbeeld: bepalen of het lager beschadigd is door de trillingsfrequentie en originele gegevens van het lager. Wanneer de frequentieverandering wordt gevonden, the bearing is often in a period of rapid damage, which has a great impact on the efficiency of the equipment. While the intelligent bearing under industry 4.0 can increase the corresponding sensor in the raw material and bearing grease. When the stress of the raw material of the bearing changes to a certain extent or the concentration of metal fragments in the bearing grease reaches a certain value, the maintenance or repair information is sent through the system, so that the time of preparation and maintenance is greatly advanced.
Uitdagingen van de industrie 4.0.
Uitdagingen van de industrie 4.0
Although Germany put forward the concept and vision of Industry 4.0 as early as 2011, the results after 10 years did not reach their expected goals. In oktober 2019, a number of think tanks, including DIW Berlin, Ifo, IfW Kiel, RWI and IWH, jointly published a report entitled “The German Economy Is Facing Stagnation, The report, which cited a rapid deterioration in the manufacturing sector in Germany, Europe’s largest economy, as the main cause of the eurozone’s decline.
Kleine en middelgrote ondernemingen hebben de grootste moeite om de industrie te accepteren 4.0
The German government released the German AI Development Strategy to promote the development and application of artificial intelligence products and industrial transformation in the whole field in 2018. German Economy and Energy Minister Altmeier also said that the goal of the policy is to achieve full coverage of industry 4.0 technologie. By contrast, more consistent use of Industry 4.0 by SMEs could add another 0.3% to Germany’s GDP growth.
Aan de andere kant, industrie 4.0 data security concerns become the biggest “neck” link. In this ecosystem, enterprises should not only have a new system dependence but also have new forms of attack means, which makes information security exposed a huge weakness. Limited by technical and financial problems, small and medium-sized enterprises are more likely to have data leakage, which can not be remedied once leaked. Network insecurity can also cause intellectual property leakage. More enterprises estimate the risks that digitalization may bring too low. Many companies are not willing to fully exploit big data as they feel the data they generated can’t be secured.
Gebrek aan professioneel talent is het grootste nadeel
30% of German companies have doubled their demand for talent in industry 4.0. in 2019. Actually, Bazhou announced to allocate 4 million euros to build 12 “learning factories 4.0” in vocational and technical schools to cope with the changing labor demand of digital transformation as early April 2015. The aim is to increase research spending to 3.5 percent of GDP by 2025, with a focus on producing the IT talent and skilled network engineers needed for the future.
De wereldwijde promotie van ‘industrie 4.0’ wordt steeds prominenter
There are significant differences in industrial Internet reference architectures in various countries, and the heterogeneous tendency of “Industry 4.0” is becoming more and more obvious in the process of global promotion.
Eerst, the focus on name expression and development is not the same. Japan is called the “Internet industry”, in China, “industrial Internet” and “slimme productie” are used, and the United States is called “industrial Internet”. The difference in the name shows that each country wants to establish its own industrial Internet standards, so as to promote the global promotion of its own intelligent manufacturing technology, system solutions, and equipment while strengthening its own industrial advantages. In de tussentijd, there are many differences in the emphasis of the reference architecture of the industrial Internet in major industrial countries, which reflects the differences in the conditions and goals of industrial and manufacturing development in different countries. Germany’s “Industry 4.0” reference architecture emphasizes equipment; Japan’s industrial value chain reference framework emphasizes connectivity; China emphasizes the deep integration of the new generation of information technology and the manufacturing industry.
Seconde, in this field, different countries have different benefits. The development level of different enterprises and different regions is very uneven, and the differences in industrial conditions, development concepts, and advantages determine that several countries have their own features in this field.
Derde, Germany’s economic size does not have a great benefit in the implementation of “Industry 4.0” in globalization. Bijvoorbeeld, China’s economic size is too different from Germany’s, and China’s development path determines that it is impossible to “copy” Germany’s experience. Industrie 4.0 is a concept proposed by the national conditions of Germany. Aan de ene kant, Germany has been based on the manufacturing industry for a long time. Aan de andere kant, Germany is a small country with a short and single industrial chain. China and the US are huge single economies, so we need to think about the operation of the whole economy. Momenteel, the generation gap of China’s industrial grade is large, and some industries have reached the level of developed countries, but there are also great problems in comprehensively promoting industry 4.0.
Hoe zal de industrie 4.0 productie veranderen?
In 2025, the augmented reality market and global virtual reality will reach $80 miljard. Application scenarios are medical, real estate, engineering, and other heavy asset industries will be essential. Many people probably first regard the Pokemon AR game that took the world by storm overnight when it comes to augmented reality. Actually, whether augmented reality or mixed reality, these technologies have also been applied in the field of industrial manufacturing.
1. Industrieel ontwerp
The traditional industrial design stage consists of 5 primary steps: understanding customer requirements, transforming requirements into technology inputs, offering multiple solutions, selecting feasible solutions acceptable to customers and transferring the confirmed solutions to the manufacturing team. In another word, this traditional design process requires a lot of effort and time to determine the best viable product for the client company. The integration of augmented reality into the development and design stage can simplify the traditionally tedious process, and improve the interaction with customers.
Engineers can see the structural information inside the car, as well as 3D graphics of certain parts, and adjust them. It can also communicate quickly with sales teams and designers, completely understand consumer demand preferences, and enhance the speed of new car R&D development.
2. Assemblage en productie
Many links also need the manual operation of workers in the industrial production process. The assembly cycle time depends on the skill of the operator, especially in aircraft, auto's, and other complex large mechanical equipment. Bijvoorbeeld, an aircraft has a large and complex number of electronic circuits, and assembly engineers must follow a functional manual in a wiring harness assembly with thousands of wires, a time-consuming and time-critical process. Aircraft manufacturer Boeing uses AR glasses to simplify the assembly process of Google, through the APX Labs developed applications, engineers can AR lenses QR code scanning the scene of the assembly components, the components of wiring harness assembly instruction is automatically displayed on the glasses, you just need to according to the instruction steps to complete the assembly workers.
Engineers’ assembly time will be shortened by 25% and the error rate will be reduced by 50% as per the statistics. Lockheed Martin, America’s biggest maker of military aircraft, is also trying to incorporate AR into its aircraft manufacturing process. The company is able to make it easier for the production staff to know the operation process and the number of parts, thus enabling rapid and accurate assembly production with the help of Epson Moverio’s AR glasses. When installing landing gear components, engineers can use the installation manual and procedure displayed on AR glasses to learn about cables, bolts, installation positions, and serial numbers.
3. Kwaliteitsinspectie
Quality inspection is an essential step to ensure that products meet all requirements. Traditional production requires extensive checklists of checkpoints to complete, and quality inspectors are responsible for the final product’s delivery. Vandaar, the quality of the products received by customers will be affected by the product quality control and accuracy of the quality inspection process. AR technology can view detailed information such as tolerance, dimensional accuracy, and surface finish displayed in real-time, making it much easy for QC personnel to perform complex tasks.
Magna help inspects parts and cars for potential defects using Microsoft HoloLens. The AR glasses display information about the parts to be inspected and guide the inspector through the inspection when a hololens wearing inspector looks at the car.
Augmented reality was used by technicians as a tool for quality assurance processes at Porsche’s assembly plant in Leipzig, Duitsland. QC personnel use AR devices to take photos of the problem parts of the car, and then automatically load the exact size of the part. A lot of time is saved for quality inspectors.
The mixed reality application MiRA is used by Airbus to integrate digital models during production. Mixed reality technology has been adopted on the A350 XWB and A380 production lines to check the integrity of secondary structural supports.
4. Onderhoud en after-sales service
Regular maintenance of various equipment is required by every industry needs to make sure the normal operation of daily production, but the related equipment maintenance in the manufacturing industry is far more complex. As they are required to be thoroughly familiar with the function and structure of the equipment and have to refer to hundreds of pages of the service manuals.
Maintenance personnel is allowed to check equipment problems on tablets, and AR glasses through the AR app developed by the company. And the maintenance work can also be completed via the interactive visual operation.
5. Werknemerstraining
Companies often invest a lot of money and time in various training activities to enhance the stability and skills of employees. AR technology enables training methods interactive. Breakthrough position limitations and make sure the employees’ safety during training.
Automotive technology provider Bosch has developed an augmented reality app that digitizes employee manuals, training plans, and other content to provide images, animation, tekst, audio, video, en meer. Technicians are able to point the iPad at the dashboard to see everything hidden behind the device with the newly designed app. Technicians are able to easily determine the exact location of various wiring and interact with each component by using sensors. The program generates wiring diagrams and connections, enabling coaches to conduct training exercises on actual vehicles without spending time reassembling and disassembling them.
]JLR has achieved rapid training of new employees with minimal training costs. Augmented reality will bring more changes to manufacturing as the technology matures and costs further fall, as well as integrating with digital twinning, Industrieel internet der dingen, 3D printing, predictive analytics, machinaal leren, en andere technologieën.
Topindustrie 4.0 bedrijven
1. Siemens Smart Factory in Amberg, Duitsland
Siemens AG is a global leader in electronic and electrical engineering established in 1847. On July 19, 2018, Siemens ranked 66th on the Fortune Global 500 list.
In Nuremberg, a small city in eastern Bavaria, there is an unassuming factory, but who would have thought it would be one of the most advanced in Europe and the world?
Let’s take a look at the factory through some data:
24-hour delivery time
One product every one second
The percent of passes is 99.9985%
Manage 3 billion components
Over 1200 medewerkers
5 km underground transportation belt for components
Magnetic levitation belt
The factory, production equipment, and computers can handle 75 percent of the work themselves, leaving only a quarter of the work to be done manually
— This is Siemens Amberg Factory!
This is Siemens’ factory of the future, and the most representative of Industry 4.0, Amberg Electronics Manufacturing Plant (German abbreviation: EWA), the world’s first purely digital factory.
Since it was built, the factory’s production area has not expanded and the number of employees has barely changed, yet its capacity has increased eightfold, to one product per second on average. In de tussentijd, the qualified rate of product quality is as high as 99.9985%, and no similar factory in the world can match.
2. Bosch Humboldt-fabriek in Duitsland
Bosch is one of the German industrial companies engaged in smart transportation technology, smart industrial technology, building technology, energie, and consumer goods.
Bosch employs over 230,000 people in more than 50 countries and is well known for its system solutions and cutting-edge products.
On July 19, 2018, Bosch Group ranked no. 75 on the Fortune Global 500 list.
As the world’s number one automotive technology supplier, Bosch’s automotive brake systems (ABS&ESP) have considerable strength in the market. The Bosch Humboldt Factory, a representative of Bosch’s smart factories, has a special feature in its production line: all parts have a unique RFID number that automatically “talks” to checkpoints along the way. After each production link, the card reader will automatically read out the relevant information, and feedback to the control center for corresponding processing, so as to improve the whole production efficiency.
An intelligent factory does not simply replace manual operation with machines, maar belangrijker, it gradually introduces intelligence, informatie, automatisering, and other related technologies into the whole process of manufacturing making the production process more transparent, trafficking smart ID cards to each product, and making parts produced in different regions seamlessly.
At the Humboldt Logistics center, workers clip “watch slats” containing product information into a rectangular plastic clip each time a box of parts is pulled out. The clip is attached to the box, and at the bottom of the clip is a radio frequency identification number — the ID of the box of parts. After each production link, the card reader will automatically read out the relevant information, and feedback to the control center for corresponding processing. Bijvoorbeeld, when a truck pulls it out of the logistics center, the assembly plant 5,000 meters away knows what’s going on: before assembly workers put it on the production line, the logistics center and the supplier know it’s time to restock.
3. Fabriek in Kaiserslautern van BASF Chemical Group
As a German chemical company, Basf is one of the world’s largest chemical factories.
There are over 160 joint ventures and wholly owned subsidiaries operated by Basf in 41 countries in Europe, North and South America, en Azië. The company is headquartered in Ludwigshafen on the Rhine.
On July 19, 2018, BASF ranked 112th on the Fortune Global 500 list.
Or for the use of radio frequency code, the traditional chemical giant BASF is taking this one step further. The shampoo and hand sanitizer manufactured at BASF’s pilot smart factory in Kaiserslautern are already fully automated. As test orders are placed online, an RFID tag attached to an empty bottle of hand sanitizer on its production line automatically communicates with the machine to tell it what soap, fragrance, cap color, and label it needs.
On an assembly line like this, each bottle of hand sanitizer can be completely different from the next one on the conveyor belt. The experiment relies on a wireless network, where all the communication between the machine and the product is done, and the only human input required is to place a sample order. It is an experiment, but the idea of ordering directly from customers to factories is enough to give the smart factory model another way to develop.
Veelgestelde vragen over de industrie 4.0
I. Digitalisering
Digital is also called, though the concept of the two has a certain distinction, here need for digital old assets refers to the enterprise, production technology to connect the built-in system intelligent production processes and end-to-end digital manufacturing process, the real-time tracking of product quality, reduce the cost of poor quality (COPQ) and implementation based on the customer innovation.
Only by the digitization of enterprises can intelligent manufacturing technologies such as robots and IoT be realized.
2. Technologieën upgraden en transformeren
In order to realize the upgrading and transformation of industry 4.0, technology also needs to be mastered, especially data analysis and 3D printing. The former is to analyze digital enterprises, and the latter can be combined with CNC machine tools to support the innovation of multi-layer manufacturing.
Once Frost & Sullivan predicted that these technologies would eliminate the traditional operation model, move from reactive maintenance to predictive maintenance (PM), and support new business models. From selling specific goods to selling “performance as a service”.
3. Operatie in de supply chain
For manufacturing, the enterprises will cooperate upstream and downstream, upstream and downstream, forming a supply chain, to maintain the stability of the supply chain operation is also the industrial 4.0 we must pay attention to the problem, once because the Japanese earthquake and tsunami led to electronic market turmoil, intelligent era production efficiency is increased, then the effect will be even more serious problems of the supply chain.
4. Cyberbeveiliging
As we build industry 4.0 enterprises through digital enterprises and the Internet of things, network security will be a major issue. We must attach importance to network security and protect our own interests. Bijvoorbeeld, we can set up AN IT/ Operational Technology (OT) CoE to protect IT security.
5. Het systeem
Companies entering the industry after the 4.0, in addition to technology to transform and upgrade the products, also need to reflect on the past enterprise system, a lot of times the system of the traditional enterprise is not suitable for smart companies, because also must reform the system, especially the organization culture, business leaders and the return on investment (ROI) concept are 4.0 industry involves many aspects.
6. Talent cultiveren
Talents in Industry 4.0 are no longer assembly-line workers in traditional enterprises and have higher requirements for the skills of operators. Daarom, enterprises also need to pay attention to talent training, and providing a reasonable training mechanism for technical skills suitable for industry 4.0 at the national level will also help China achieve industry 4.0.
